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Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews
T H E A R G U M E N T
For as much as diverse, both of the Greek writers and Latins witness, that the writer of this Epistle for just causes would not have his name known, it were curiosity of our parte to labor much therein. For seeing the Spirit of God is the author thereof, it diminishes nothing the authority, although we know not with what pen he wrote it. Whether it were Paul (as it is not like) or Luke, or Barnabas, or Clement, or some other, his chief purpose is to persuade unto the Hebrews (whereby he principally means them that abode at Jerusalem, and under them all the rest of the Jews) that Christ Jesus was not only the redeemer, but also that at his coming all ceremonies must have an end: for as much as his doctrine was the conclusion of all the prophecies, and therefore not only Moses was inferior to him, but also the Angels: for they were servants, and he the Lord, but so Lord, that he has also taken our flesh, and is made our brother to assure us of our salvation through himself: for he is that eternal Priest, whereof all the Levitical Priests were but shadows, and therefore at his coming they ought to cease, and all sacrifices for sin to be abolished, as he proves from the seventh chap. verse 11. unto the 12 chap. verse 18. Also he was the Prophet of whom all the Prophets in time past witnessed, as is declared from the 12 chapter, verse 18 to the twenty and five verse of the same chapter: yea, and is the King to whom all things are subject, as appears from that verse 25 to the beginning of the last chapter. Wherefore according to the examples of the old fathers we must constantly believe in him, that being sanctified by his justice, taught by his wisdom, and governed by his power, we may steadfastly, and courageously persevere even to the end in hope of that joy that is set before our eyes, occupying ourselves in Christian exercise that we may both be thankful to God, and dutiful to our neighbor.
At sundry times and in diverse manners a God spoke in the old time to our fathers by the Prophets:
(a) God, who is ever constant, and merciful to his Church, declared his will in time past, not all at once or after one sort, but from time to time, and in sundry sorts: but now last of all he has fully declared all truth to us by his Son.
2 In these b last days he hath spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath made heir of all things, c by whom also he made the worlds,
(b) So that now we may not credit any new revelations after him.
(c) He entreats here of Christ, both as touching his person, which is very God, & very man, by whom all things are made, and also as touching his office, whereby he is King Prophet & Priest.
3 Who being the brightness of the glory, and the d engraved form of his person, and bearing up all things by his mighty word, hath by himself e purged our sins, and sits at the right hand of the Majesty in the highest places,
(d) The lively image and pattern, so that he that sees him, sees the Father, {John 14:9}: for else the person of the Father is not seen, but apprehended by faith.
(e) So that our sins can be purged by none cause he was at the time appointed declared to the world.
4 And is made so much more excellent then the Angels, in as much as he hath obtained a more excellent Name than they.
5 For unto which of the Angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day begat I thee? And again, I will be his Father, and he shall be my Son?
6 And again, when he brings in his first begotten Son into the world, he says, And let all the Angels of God worship him.
7 And of the Angels he says, He makes the h Spirits his messengers, and his ministers a flame of fire.
(h) He compares the Angels to the winds, which are here beneath, as God’s messengers.
8 But unto the Son he says, O God, thy throne is for ever and ever: the scepter of thy kingdom is a i scepter of righteousness.
(i) The administration of thy kingdom is just.
9 Thou hast loved righteousness and hated iniquity. Wherefore God, even thy God, hath k anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
(k) This is meant in that that the word is made flesh, and that the Holy Ghost was poured on him, without measure, that we may all receive of him every one according to his measure.
10 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast established the earth, and the heavens are the works of thine hands.
11 They shall perish, but thou does remain: and they all shall wax old as does a garment.
12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.
13 Unto which also of the Angels said he at any time, Sit at my right hand, til I make thine enemies thy footstool?
14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister, for their sakes which shall be heirs of salvation?
Chapter 2
1 Wherefore we ought diligently to give heed to the things which we have heard, lest at any a time we run out.
(a) We must diligently keep in memory the doctrine, which we have learned, lest like vessels full of chappes we leak, and run out on every part.
2 For if the b word spoken by Angels was steadfast, and every transgression, and disobedience received a just recompense of reward,
(b) Which was the Law given to Moses by the hands of the Angels. {Gal. 3:19. Act. 7:53}
3 How shall we escape, if we neglect so great c salvation, which at the first began to be preached by the Lord, and afterward was confirmed unto us by d them that heard him,
(c) As the Gospel is which only offers salvation.
(d) That is, the Apostles.
4 God bearing witness thereto, both with signs and wonders, and with diverse miracles, and gifts of the holy Ghost, according to his own will?
5 For he hath not put in subjection unto the Angels the e world to come, whereof we speak.
(e) Which Esai calls the new heavens, and the new earth, {chap. 65:17}.whereof Christ is the father, {Isa. 9:6} that is, the head of us his members.
6 But one in a certain place witnessed, saying, f What is man, that thou shouldest be mindful of him? or the son of man, that thou would consider him?
(f) He speaks here chiefly of the faithful, which are made through Christ citizens of the world to come where they shall enjoy with their prince all these things which now they have only but in part.
7 Thou made him a little inferior to the Angels: thou crowns him with g glory and honor, and hast set him above the works of thine hands.
(g) In making him fellow heir with Christ.
8 Thou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. And in that he hath put all things in subjection under him, he left nothing that should not be subject unto him. h But we yet see not all things subdued unto i him,
(h) To them which object that they see not these things accomplished in man, the Apostle answers that they are fulfilled in Christ our captain who leads his to the same glory with him.
(i) To man, as he is of Christ.
9 But we see Jesus k crowned with glory and honor, which was made little inferior to the Angels, through the suffering of death, that by God’s grace he might taste death for all men.
(k) By his virtue which most manifestly appears in the Church.
10 For it became him, for whom are all these things, and by whom are all these things, seeing that he brought many children unto glory, that he should consecrate the l Prince of their salvation through m afflictions.
(l) Jesus Christ by humbling himself & taking upon him the form of a servant, which was our flesh, & mortality, gives us assurance of our salvation.
(m) Therefore we by afflictions are made like to the son of God.
11 For he that sanctifies, and they which are sanctified, are all n of one: wherefore he is not ashamed to call them brethren,
(n) The head & members are of one nature: so Christ which sanctifies us, & we that are sanctified, are all one by the union of our flesh.
12 Saying, I will declare thy Name unto my o brethren: in the midst of the Church will I sing praises to thee.
(o) This proves Christ’s humanity.
13 And again, I will put my p trust in him. And again, q Behold, here am I, and the children which God hath given me.
(p) Meaning, that Christ touching his humanity put his trust in God.
(q) Isaiah speaks this of himself, & his disciples, but properly it is applied to Christ the head of all ministers.
14 Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part with them, that he might destroy through death, him that had the power of death, that is the devil,
15 And that he might deliver all them, which for fear of r death were all their life time subject to bondage.
(r) And God’s anger.
16 For he in no sort took on him the s Angel’s nature, but he took on him the seed of Abraham.
(s) Not the nature of Angels but of man.
17 Wherefore t in all things it behooved D him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be merciful, and a faithful high Priest in things concerning God, that he might make reconciliation for the sins of the people.
(t) Not only as touching nature, but also qualities, only sin except.
D Behooved: To be necessary for.
18 For in that he u suffered, and was tempted, he is able to succor D them that are tempted.
(u) Forasmuch as he is exercised in our miseries, we may be assured, that at all times in our temptations he will succor us.
D Succor: To assist or deliver from suffering, support.
Chapter 3
1 Therefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly vocation, a consider the Apostle and high Priest of our b profession Christ Jesus:
(a) Take heed to his words & receive him.
(b) Of the doctrine which we believe & ought to confess.
2 Who was faithful to him that hath appointed c him, even as Moses was in all his house.
(c) To be the ambassador & high Priest.
3 For this man is counted worthy of more glory than Moses, inasmuch as he which d hath built the house, hath more honor than the house.
(d) Moses was but part of the house, that is of the Church whereof the pastors are the lively stones, but Christ built it, & laid the stones: therefore he deserves more praise.
4 For every house is built of some man, and he that hath built all things, is e God.
(e) That is Christ: for Christ is the foundation, & head of his Church: he is our brother, & Lord: he is the Son of God & very God, working all things by his own power.
5 Now Moses verily was faithful in all his house, as a servant, for a witness of the things which should be spoken after.
6 But Christ is as the Son, over his own f house, whose house we are, if we hold fast that confidence and that rejoicing of that hope unto the end.
(f) For in obeying the Son we are made the house of God.
7 Wherefore, as the holy Ghost sayeth, Today if ye shall hear his voice,
8 Harden not your hearts, as in the g provocation, according to the day of the temptation in the wilderness,
(g) As when ye provoked God’s anger in Massa and Meriba, {Exod. 17:7}
9 Where your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my works forty years long.
10 Wherefore I was grieved with that generation, and said, They err ever in their heart, neither have they known my ways.
11 Therefore I sware in my wrath, h If they shall enter into my i rest.
(h) Meaning by this other that they should not enter.
(i) As disobeying God, they in older time were debarred from the quietness of the land of Chanaan: so they which do not obey Christ, shall not enter into the heavenly rest.
12 Take heed, brethren, least at any time there be in any of you an evil heart, and unfaithful, to depart away from the living God.
13 But exhort one another daily, while it is called k today, lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin.
(k) Which is all that time wherein God does call us: while he therefore speaks, let us hear.
14 For we are made partakers of Christ, if we keep sure unto the l end that beginning, wherewith we are upheld,
(l) Which is by faith to embrace, and hold fast the true doctrine of Jesus Christ.
15 So long as it is said, To day if ye hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation.
16 For some when they heard, provoked m him to anger: howbeit, not all that came out of Egypt by Moses.
(m) To with, the Lord.
17 But with whom was he displeased forty years? Was he not displeased with them that sinned, whose carcasses fell in the wilderness?
18 And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but unto them that obeyed not?
19 So we see that they could not enter in, because of unbelief.
Chapter 4
1 Let us fear therefore, least at any time by forsaking the promise of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to be deprived.
2 For unto us was the Gospel preached as also unto them: but the word that they heard, profited not them, because it was not a mixed with faith in those that heard it.
(a) He compares the preaching of the Gospel, as it were, to wine, whereof if we will taste, that is, hear & understand with profit, we must temper or mix it with faith.
3 For we which have believed, do enter into rest, as he said to the other, As I have sworn in my wrath, If b they shall enter into my rest: although c the works were finished from the foundation of the world.
(b) Although that God by his rest, after the creation of his works, signified the spiritual rest of the faithful, yet he sware to give rest in Chanaan which was but a figure of the heavenly rest, and endured but for a time.
(c) The perfection of God’s works, and so his rest, signify our heavenly rest.
4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God did rest the seventh day from all his works.
5 And in this place again, If they shall enter into my rest.
6 Seeing therefore it remaineth that some must enter thereinto, and they to whom it was first preached, entered not therein for unbelief’s sake:
7 Again he appointed d in David a certain day, by Today, after so long a time, saying, as it is said, This day, if ye hear his voice, harden not your hearts.
(d) That is, in the psalms.
8 For e if Jesus had given them rest, then would he not after this have spoke of another day.
(e) Meaning Joshua.
9 There remains therefore a rest to the people of God.
10 For he that is entered into his rest, f hath also ceased from his own works, as God did from his.
(f) Hath cast off his appetites, mortified his flesh, renounced himself, and follows God.
11 Let us study therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of disobedience.
12 For the word of God is lively, and mighty in operation, and sharper than any two edged sword, and h enters through, even unto the dividing asunder of the h soul and the i spirit, and of the joints, and the marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts, and the intents of the heart.
(g) For it mortally wounds the rebellious, and in the elect it kills the old man that they should live unto God.
(h) Where the affections are.
(i) Which contains will & reason.
13 Neither is there any creature, which is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and k open unto his eyes, with whom we have l to do.
(k) As that thing which is cleft asunder even through the midst of the back, and so is made open that it may be seen throughout.
(l) Therefore when we hear his word, we must tremble, knowing thereby that God sounds our hearts.
14 Seeing then that we have a great high Priest, which is entered into heaven, even Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.
15 For we have not an high Priest, which can not be touched with the feeling of our infirmities, but was in all things tempted in like sort, yet without sin.
16 Let us therefore go boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy, and find grace to help in time of need.
Chapter 5
1 For every high Priest is taken from among men, and is a ordained for men, in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both b gifts and c sacrifices for sins,
(a) He shows that man can have none access to God without an high Priest, because that of himself he is profane & sinful.
(b) Which were of things without life.
(c) As, of beasts which are killed.
2 Which is able sufficiently to have compassion on them d that are ignorant, and that are out of the way, because that he also is compassed with infirmity,
(d) That is, of sinners.
3 And for the same’s sake he is bound to offer for sins, as well for his own part, as for ye peoples.
4 And no man taketh this honor unto him self, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron.
5 So likewise Christ took not to him self this honor, to be made the high Priest, but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, this day begat I thee, gave it him.
6 As he also in another place speaks, Thou art a Priest forever, after the e order of Melchi-sedec.
(e) Who was both Priest and King.
7 Who in the f days of his flesh did offer up prayers and supplications, with g strong crying and tears unto him, that was able to save him from death, and was also heard h in that which he feared.
(f) When he lived in this world.
(g) He means that most earnest prayer which Christ prayed in the garden where he sweat drops of blood.
(h) Being in perplexity & fearing the horrors of death.
8 And though he were the Son, yet learned he obedience, by the things which he suffered.
9 And being consecrate, was made the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him:
10 And is called of God an high Priest after the order of Melchi-sedec.
11 i Of whom we have many things to say, which are hard to be uttered, because ye are dull of hearing.
(i) He digresses till he come to the beginning of the {7 chap.}
12 For when as concerning the time ye ought to be teachers, yet have ye need again that we teach you what are the first principles of the word of God: and are become such as have need of k milk, and not of strong meat.
(k) Read {1 Cor. 3:2}
13 For every one that uses milk, is inexpert in the l word of righteousness: for he is a babe.
(l) That is, the Gospel which is that true knowledge that teaches us where we have our justice.
14 But strong meat belongs to them that are of age, which through long custom have their wits exercised, to discern both good and evil.
Chapter 6
1 Therefore, leaving the doctrine of the a beginning of Christ, let us be led forward unto perfection, not laying again the foundation b of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God,
(a) That is, the first rudiments of our Christian religion.
(b) He mentions five points of the catechism, which was then in use: the confession of amendment of life: the sum of the faith: a brief explication of Baptism, and laying on of hands: the article of the resurrection, & the last judgement.
2 Of the doctrine of c baptisms, and laying on of hands, and of the resurrection from the dead, and of eternal judgement.
(c) Then the use of baptism was declared when on the solemn days appointed to baptize the Church came together.
3 And this will we do d if God permit.
(d) It is God’s singular gift to increase in knowledge, & to go forward in the understanding of God word.
4 For it is impossible that they which were once lightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the holy Ghost,
5 And have tasted of the good word of God, and of the powers of the world to come,
6 If they fall away, should be renewed again by repentance: seeing they e crucify again to themselves the Son of God, and make a mock of him.
(e) They which are apostates, & sin against the holy Ghost, hate Christ, crucify & mock him, but to their own destruction, & therefore fall into desperation, & cannot repent.
7 For the earth which drinks in the rain that comes oft upon it, and brings forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receives blessing of God.
8 But that which bears thorns and briars, is reproved, and is near unto cursing, whose end is to be burned.
9 But beloved, we have persuaded ourselves better things of you, and such as accompany salvation, though we thus speak.
10 For God is not unrighteous, that he should forget your work, and labor of love, which ye showed toward his Name, in that ye have ministered unto the Saints, and yet minister.
11 And we desire that every one of you show the same diligence, to the f full assurance of hope unto the end,
(f) Whereby it may appear, that you are fully persuaded of life everlasting.
12 That ye be not slothful, but followers of g them, which through faith and patience, inherit the promises.
(g) As the holy fathers, Prophets & martyrs, that were before us.
13 For when God made the promise to Abraham, because he had no greater to swear by, he sware by himself,
14 Saying, Surely I will abundantly bless thee and multiply thee marvelously.
15 And so after that he had tarried patiently, he enjoyed the promise.
16 For men verily swear by him that is greater then themselves, and an oath for confirmation is among them an end of all strife.
17 So God, willing more h abundantly to show unto the heirs of promise the stableness of his counsel, bound himself by an oath,
(h) Because of man’s wickedness, which will not believe God except he swear.
18 That by i two immutable D things, wherein it is unpossible that God should lie, we might have strong consolation, which have our refuge to lay hold upon that hope that is set before us,
(i) God’s word & oath, are two things in him unchangeable.
D Immutable: unchanging, invariable
19 Which hope we have, as an anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast, and it k enters into that which is within the l veil,
(k) He returns to the comparison between Christ’s Priesthood & the Levitical which he had begun in the {5. chap.}.
(l) Which is heaven whether Christ is gone before to prepare us place.
20 Whither the forerunner is for us entered in, even Jesus that is made a high Priest forever after the order of Melchi-sedec.
Chapter 7
1 For this Melchi-sedec was King of Salem, the Priest of the most high God, who met Abraham, as he returned from the slaughter of the Kings, and blessed him:
2 To whom also Abraham gave the tithe of all things: who first is by interpretation King of righteousness: after that, he is also King of Salem, that is, King of peace,
3 Without a father, without mother, without kindred, and hath neither beginning of his days, neither end of life: but is likened unto the Son of God, and continues a Priest forever.
(a) So called, because that Moses makes no mention of his parents of kinsfolk, but as he had been suddenly sent of God into the world to be a figure of Christ our everlasting Priest, & shortly taken out of the world again, so Christ as touching his humanity had no father, and concerning his divinity, no mother.
4 Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the b Patriarch Abraham gave the tithe of the spoils.
(b) That is, the chief of fathers.
5 For verily they which are the children of Levi, which receive the office of the Priesthood, have a c commandment to take, according to the Law, tithes of the people (that is, of their brethren) though they d came out of the loins of Abraham.
(c) The Levites had commandments to receive that, which Abraham gave freely to Melchi-sedec.
(d) Was begotten of Abraham.
6 But he whose kindred is not counted among them, e received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.
(e) The Levites received tithes of their brethren, but Melchi-sedec of Abraham, the patriarch: therefore his priesthood is more excellent than the Levitical.
7 And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the greater.
8 And here men that die, receive tithes: but there he receives them, of whom it is witnessed, that he f lives.
(f) Because there is no mention of his death.
9 And to say as the thing is, Levi also which receives tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.
10 For he was yet in the loins of his father Abraham, when Melchi-sedec met him.
11 If therefore perfection had been by the Priesthood of the Levites (for under it the Law was established to the people) what needed it furthermore, that another Priest should rise after the order of Melchi-sedec, and not to be called after the order of Aaron?
12 For if the Priesthood be changed, then of necessity must there be a change of the g Law.
(g) The Law and the Priesthood are both of one condition: so that both Aaron’s & Moses’ office pertain to Christ, which is Priest & Law maker.
13 For he of whom these things are spoken, pertains unto another tribe, whereof no man served at the altar.
14 For it is evident, that our Lord sprung out of Juda, concerning the which tribe Moses spake nothing, touching the Priesthood.
15 And it is yet a more evident thing, because that after the similitude of Melchi-sedec, there is risen up another Priest,
16 Which is not made Priest after the Law h of the carnal commandment, but after the power of the endless life.
(h) Which stood in outward and corporal ceremonies.
17 For he testifies thus, Thou art a Priest for ever, after the order of Melchi-sedec.
18 For the commandment that went afore, is disannulled, because i of the weakness thereof, and unprofitableness.
(i) For the Law has no virtue nor profit til a man become to Christ.
19 For the Law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope made perfect, whereby we draw near unto God.
20 And for as much as it is not without an oath (for these are made Priests without an oath:
21 But this is made with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a Priest forever, after the order of Melchi-sedec)
22 By so much is Jesus made a surety of a better Testament.
23 And among them many were made Priests, because they were not suffered to endure, by the reason of death.
24 But this man, because he endures ever, has an k everlasting Priesthood.
(k) Therefore all others are blasphemous, that ether make themselves his successors, or pretend any other sacrifice.
25 Wherefore, he is able also l perfectly to save them that come unto God by him, seeing he ever lives, to make intercession for them.
(l) The fruit of his Priesthood is to save & that fully and perfectly, not by supplying that that wants, but by taking away the Law which is unperfect by reason of our infirmities.
26 For such an high Priest it became us to have, which is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens:
27 Which needs not daily as those high Priests to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the peoples: for that did he m once, when he offered up himself.
(m) And can not without blasphemy be said to be offered again, or else by any creature: for none could offer him, but himself.
28 For the Law makes men high Priests, which have infirmity: but the word of the oath that was n since the Law, makes the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.
(n) Not that it was first made after the Law was given: but because the declaration of the eternal oath was then revealed to the world.
Chapter 8
1 Now of the things which we have spoken, this is the sum, that we have such an high Priest, that sits at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heavens,
2 And is a minister of the a Sanctuary, and of that true b Tabernacle which the Lord pight, D and not c man.
(a) That is, heaven.
(b) Which is the body of Christ.
(c) For else it should be corruptible.
D Pight: To pierce
3 For d every high Priest is ordained to offer both gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it was of necessity, that this man should have somewhat also to offer.
(d) He proves that Christ’s body is the true Tabernacle, and that he must needs be made man, to the intent that he might have a thing to offer, which was his body.
4 For he were not a Priest, if he were on the earth, seeing there are Priests that according to the Law offer gifts,
5 Who serve unto the pattern and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was warned by God, when he was about to finish the Tabernacle. See, said he, that thou make all things according to the e pattern, showed to thee in the mount.
(e) Seeing the offerings of the Levites were but shadows of heavenly things, as appears by the oracle to Moses, it follows then that Christ’s heavenly Sanctuary, his Tabernacle and office are far more excellent.
6 But now our high Priest hath obtained a more excellent office, in as much as he is the Mediator of a better Testament, which is established upon better promises.
7 For if that first Testament had been unblameable, no place should have been sought for the second.
8 For in rebuking them he says, Behold, the days will f come, sayeth the Lord, when I shall make with the house of Israel, and with the house g of Juda a new Testament:
(f) That is, when Christ shall remit our sins by the preaching of the Gospel.
(g) Signifying that there should be no more division, but all shall be made one Church.
9 Not like the Testament that I made with their fathers, in the day that I took them by the hand, to lead them out of the land of Egypt: for they h continued not in my Testament, and I regarded them not, sayeth the Lord.
(h) Man by transgressing the bands of the Covenant, could not enjoy the commodity thereof.
10 For this is the Testament that I will make with the house of Israel, After those days, sayeth the Lord, I will put my Laws in their mind, and in their heart I will write them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people,
11 And they shall not i teach every man his neighbor and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least of them to the greatest of them.
(i) Men shall not in the time of the Gospel be so ignorant as they were before, but shall know God much more perfectly through Christ.
12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and I will remember their sins and their iniquities no more.
13 In that he says a new Testament, he hath abrogated the old: now that which is disannulled and waxed old, is ready to vanish away.
Chapter 9
1 Then the first Testament had also ordinances of religion, and a a worldly Sanctuary.
(a) Not heavenly and spiritual.
2 For the first Tabernacle was made, wherein was the candlestick, and the table, and the show bread, which Tabernacle is called the Holy places.
3 And after the b second veil was the Tabernacle, which is called the Holiest of all,
(b) That is on the inward side of the veil which was hid from the people.
4 Which had the golden censer, and the Ark of the Testament overlaid round about with gold, wherein the golden pot, which had Manna, was, and Aaron’s rod that had budded, and the tables of the Testament.
5 And over the Ark were the glorious Cherubims, shadowing the mercy seat: of which things we will not now speak particularly.
6 Now when these things were thus ordained, the Priests went always into the first Tabernacle, and accomplished the service.
7 But into the second went the high Priest alone, once every year, not without blood which he offered for himself, and for the ignorances of the people.
8 Whereby the holy Ghost this signified, that the c way into the Holiest of all was not yet opened, while as yet the first tabernacle was standing,
(c) For so long as the high Priest offered once a year for his own sins, & for the peoples, and also while this earthly tabernacle stood, the way to the heavenly Tabernacle, which is made open by Christ’s blood, could not be entered into.
9 Which was a figure for that present time, wherein were offered gifts and sacrifices that could not make holy, concerning the conscience, d him that did the service,
(d) Nether yet him for whom they were offered.
10 Which only stood in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and e carnal rites, which were enjoined, until the time of f reformation.
(e) Which ceremonies although they are ordained of God, yet considered in themselves, or else compared with Christ, are but carnal, gross, and earthly & touch not the soul.
(f) Till the new testament was appointed.
11 But Christ being come a high Priest of good things to come, by a greater and a more perfect g Tabernacle, not made with hands, that is, not of this building,
(g) Which was his body and humane nature.
12 Neither by the blood of goats and calves: but by his own blood entered he in once unto the h holy place, i and obtained eternal redemption for us.
(h) Which is heaven.
(i) For Christ was the sacrifice, the Tabernacle and the Priest.
13 For if the k blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer, sprinkling them that are unclean, sanctifies as touching the purifying of the l flesh,
(k) The Levitical Priest offered beasts blood: but Christ the true and eternal Priest offered his own blood, which was most holy and pure: the Levitical Priest offered yearly, and therefore did only represent the true holiness: but Christ by one only sacrifice has made holy for ever all them that believe.
(l) Outwardly in the sight of man.
14 How much more shall the blood of Christ which through the eternal Spirit offered himself without fault to God, purge your conscience from m dead works, to serve the living God?
(m) Which of themselves procure death & are the fruits thereof.
15 And for this cause is he the Mediator of the new Testament, that through death which was for the redemption of the transgressions that were in the n former Testament, they which were called, might receive the promise of eternal inheritance.
(n) Made between God and Christ, who by his death should make us heirs.
16 For where a Testament is, there must be the death of him that made the Testament.
17 For the o Testament is confirmed when men are dead: for it is yet of no force as long as he that made it, is alive.
(o) He proves that Christ must die, because the covenant or testament is of none effect without the death of the testator.
18 Wherefore neither was the first ordained without p blood.
(p) Without the death of beasts that were sacrificed with signified that Christ would pacify his Father’s wrath with his blood.
19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to the people, according to the Law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water and purple wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people,
20 Saying, This is the blood of the Testament, which God hath appointed unto you.
21 Moreover, he sprinkled likewise the Tabernacle with blood also, and all the ministering vessels.
22 And almost all things are by the Law purged with blood, and without sheading of blood is no remission.
23 It was then necessary, that the similitudes of heavenly things should be purified with such things: but the heavenly things themselves are purified with better q sacrifices then are these.
(q) Albeit there is but one sacrifice, which is Christ himself once offered, yet because this true & eternal sacrifice is compared with all those which were figurative, & is more sufficient than all they, therefore he calls it in the plural number sacrifices.
24 For Christ is not entered into the holy places that are made with hands, which are similitudes of the true Sanctuary: but is entered into very heaven, to appear now in the sight of God for us,
25 Not that he should offer himself r often, as the high Priest entered into the Holy place every year with other blood,
(r) Therefore to make any other offering or sacrifice for sin after that Christ’s body was once offered is blasphemy.
26 (For then must he have often suffered since the foundation of the world) but now in the s end of the world hath he been made manifest, once to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
(s) Which is the latter days when Christ came.
27 And as it is appointed unto men that they shall once die, and after that comes the judgement:
28 So Christ was once offered to take away the sins of t many, and unto them that look for him, shall he appear the second time u without sin unto salvation.
(t) Of the elect.
(u) That is, without a sacrifice for sin: or sin abolished.
Chapter 10
1 For the Law having the a shadow of good things to b come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices, which they offer year by year continually, sanctify the comers thereunto.
(a) Which was as it were the first drought and portrait of the lively pattern to come.
(b) Which are eternal.
2 For would they not then have ceased to have been offered, because that the offerers once purged, should have had no more conscience of sins?
3 But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again of sins every year.
4 For it is unpossible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins.
5 Wherefore when he c comes into the world, he says, Sacrifice and offering thou would not: but a d body hast thou ordained me.
(c) When Christ was made man.
(d) In the Hebrew it is, thou hast pierced mine ears through, that is, hast made me prompt and ready to hear: and in the Greek, thou hast made me a body, that is, to obey thee, which both tend to one purpose.
6 In burnt offerings, and sin offerings thou hast had no pleasure.
7 Then I said, Lo, I come (In the beginning of the e book it is written of me) that I should do thy will, O God.
(e) Or roll and folding: for in old time they used to fold books like rolls.
8 Above, when he said, Sacrifice and offering, and burnt offerings, and sin offerings thou would not have, neither had pleasure therein (which are offered by the Law)
9 Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God, he takes away the f first, that he may establish the g second.
(f) That is, sacrifices.
(g) Which is, the will of God to stand content with Christ’s sacrifice.
10 By the which will we are sanctified, even by the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once made.
11 And every Priest standeth daily ministering, and oft times offers one manner of offering, which can never take away sins:
12 But this man after he had offered one sacrifice for sins, sits forever at the right hand of God,
13 And from henceforth tarries, till his enemies be made his footstool.
14 For with one offering hath he consecrated forever them that are sanctified.
(h) That is, sanctified to God and made perfect.
15 For the holy Ghost also bears us record: for after that he had said before,
16 This is the Testament that I will make unto them after those days, says the Lord, I will put my Laws in their heart, and in their minds I will write them.
17 And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more.
18 Now where i remission of these things is, there is no more k offering for sin.
(i) Where there remain no sins to be forgiven, that is no more sacrifice: seeing therefore that only Christ’s death has washed away all sins, and does ever a fresh when sinners do repent, there can be none other sacrifice but that, & it can be no more reiterate.
(k) For the offering of thanksgiving, which is the only sacrifice now of the Christians, is not for sin: but a thanksgiving & an offering up of ourselves & ours for the same.
19 Seeing therefore, brethren, that by the blood of Jesus we l may be bold to enter into the Holy place,
(l) We by Christ have the liberty which the ancient fathers could not have by the Law.
20 By the new and m living way, which he hath prepared for us, through the veil, that is, his flesh:
(m) The blood of Christ is always fresh & lively, before the father to sprinkle and quicken us.
21 And seeing we have a high Priest, which is over the house of God,
22 Let us draw near with a true heart in assurance of faith, n sprinkled in our hearts from an evil conscience, and washed in our bodies with pure water.
(n) That is, having our hearts made pure.
23 Let us keep the profession of our hope, without wavering, (for he is faithful that promised)
24 And let us consider one another, to provoke unto love, and to good works,
25 Not forsaking the fellowship that we have among ourselves, as the manner of some is: but let us exhort one another, and that so much the more, because ye see that the o day draws near.
(o) Of Christ’s second coming.
26 For if we sin p willingly after that we have received and acknowledged that truth, there remains no more sacrifice for sins,
(p) That is, forsake Jesus Christ, as Judas, Saul, Arrius, Julian the apostate did.
27 But a fearful looking for of judgement, and violent fire, which shall devour the adversaries.
28 He that despises Moses’ Law, dies without mercy under two, or three witnesses:
29 Of how much sorer punishment suppose ye shall he be worthy, which treads under foot the Son of God, and counts the blood of the Testament as an unholy thing, wherewith he was sanctified, and q doth despite the Spirit of grace?
(q) Whereby it is evident that the Apostle here only means of the sin, which is against the Holy Ghost, as also {Chap. 6,4}
30 For we know him that has said, Vengeance belongs unto me: I will recompense, sayeth the Lord. And again, The Lord shall r judge his people.
(r) Defend the godly and punish the wicked.
31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
32 Now call to remembrance the days that are passed, in the which, after ye had received light, ye endured a great fight in afflictions,
33 Partly while ye were made a gazing stock both by reproaches and afflictions, and partly while ye became s companions of them which were so tossed to and from.
(s) For the which thing also S. Paul praises the Philippians & Thessalonians.
34 For both ye sorrowed with me for my bonds, and suffered with joy the spoiling of your goods, knowing in your selves how that ye have in heaven a better, and an enduring substance.
35 Cast not away therefore your confidence which hath great recompense of reward.
36 For ye have need of patience, that after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise.
37 For yet a very little while, and he that shall come, will come, and will not tarry.
38 Now the just shall live by faith: but if any withdraw himself, my soul shall have no pleasure in him.
39 But we are not they which withdraw ourselves unto perdition, but follow faith unto the conservation of the soul.
Chapter 11
1 Now faith is the grounds of things, which are hoped for, and the evidence of things which are not seen.
2 For by it our elders were well a reported of.
(a) Have been approved, and so obtained salvation.
3 Through faith we understand that the world was ordained by the word of God, so that the things which we see, are not made of things which b did appear.
(b) For God made all things of nothing.
4 By faith Abel offered unto God a greater sacrifice than Cain, c by the which he obtained witness that he was d righteous, God testifying of his gifts: by the which faith also he being dead, yet e speaks.
(c) Meaning faith.
(d) Because God received him to mercy, therefore he imputed him righteous.
(e) That is, lives.
5 By faith was f Enoch translated, that he should not see death: neither was he found: for God had translated him: for before he was translated, he was reported of, that he had pleased God.
(f) For Enochs & Elias taking up was such a thing, as is spoken of, {I Cor. 15:51, & Thes. 4:15}
6 But without faith it is unpossible to please him: for he that comes to God, must believe that God is, and that he is g a rewarder of them that seek him.
(g) First God must find us before we can seek him: then we must seek him with a pure heart in Christ, who is revealed in his word: & thereby we learn to believe God’s free mercy towards us in his Son, through whom we obtain, the reward of his promise, & not of our deserts.
7 By faith Noah being warned of God of the things which were as yet not seen, moved with reverence, prepared the Ark to the saving of his household, through the which Ark he condemned the world, and was made heir of the righteousness, which is by faith.
8 By faith Abraham, when he was called, obeyed God, to go out into a place, which he should afterward receive for inheritance, and he went out, not knowing whither he went.
9 By faith he abode in the land of promise, as in a strange country, as one that dwelt in tents with Isaac and Jacob heirs with him of the same promise.
10 For he looked for a city having a h foundation, whose builder and maker is God.
(h) For all things in the world are subject to corruption.
11 Through faith Sara also received strength to conceive seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him faithful which had promised.
12 And therefore sprang there of one, even of one which was i dead, so many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the land of the sea shore which is innumerable.
(i) Even as dead.
13 All these died in faith, and k received not the promises, but saw them l afar off, and believed them, and received them thankfully, and confessed that they were m strangers and pilgrims on the earth.
(k) Which was the enjoying of the land of Canaan.
(l) With the eyes of faith.
(m) And therefore put not their confidence in things of this world.
14 For they that say such things, declare plainly, that they seek a country.
15 And if they had been mindful of n that country, from whence they came out, they had leisure to have returned.
(n) That is, of Mesopotamia.
16 But now they desire a better, that is an heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed of them to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them a city.
17 By faith Abraham offered up Isaac, when he o was tried, and he that had received the promises, offered his only begotten son.
(o) For it might seem to the flesh that the promise was contrary to this commandment to sacrifice his son.
18 (To whom it was said, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.)
19 For he considered that God was able to raise him up even from the dead: from whence he received him also after a sort.
20 By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau, concerning things to come.
21 By faith Jacob when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and leaning on the end of his staff, worshiped God.
22 By faith Joseph when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel, and gave commandment of his bones.
23 By faith Moses when he was borne, was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a proper child, neither feared they the kings commandment.
24 By faith Moses when he was come to age, refused to be called the son of Pharaohs daughter,
25 And chose rather to suffer adversity with the people of God, then to enjoy the p pleasures of sins for a season,
(p) The enticing of the world, which draw us from God, and which we can not use without provoking of God’s anger.
26 Esteeming the rebuke of Christ greater riches then the treasures of Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompense of the reward.
27 By faith he forsook Egypt, and feared not the fierceness of the king: for he endured, as he that saw him which is invisible.
28 Through faith he ordained the Passover and the effusion of blood, least he that destroyed the first borne, should touche them.
29 By faith they passed through the red sea as by dry land, which when the Egyptians had assayed to do, they were swallowed up.
30 By faith the walls of Jericho fell down after they were compassed about seven days.
31 By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them which obeyed not, when she had received the spies peaceably.
32 And what shall I more say? For the time would be too short for me to tell of Gedeon, of Barac, and of Sampson, and of Jephte, also of David, and Samuel, and of the Prophets:
33 Which through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained the q promises, stopped the mouths of lions,
(q) Or fruit thereof.
34 Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, of weak were made strong, waxed valiant in battle, turned to flight the armies of the aliants. D
D Aliant: an ally or allies
35 The r women received their dead raised to life: other also were racked, and would not be delivered, that they might receive a better resurrection.
(r) As Elias raised up the widow of Sareptas son, and Eliseus the Sunamite’s son.
36 And others have been tried by mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover by bonds and imprisonment.
37 They were stoned, they were hewn asunder, they were tempted, they were slain with the sword, they wandered up and down in sheep’s skins, and in goat’s skins, being destitute, afflicted, and tormented:
38 Whom the world was not worthy of: they wandered in wilderness and mountains, and dens, and caves of the earth.
39 And these all through faith obtained good report, and received s not the promise,
(s) They had not such clear light of Christ as we: for they looked for that which we have: therefore it were shame for us, if at least we have not as great constancy as they.
40 God providing a better thing for us, that they t without us should not be made perfect.
(t) For we are all one body together.
Chapter 12
1 Wherefore, let us also, seeing that we are compassed with so great a cloud of witnesses, cast away every thing that a presses down, and the sin that hangs so fast on: let us run with patience the race that is set before us,
(a) As riches, cares and such like, and so to become Christ’s disciples, by denying ourselves, and taking our cross to follow him.
2 b Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, and despised the shame, and is set at the right hand of the throne of God.
(b) As being our mark.
3 Consider therefore him that endured such speaking against of sinners, lest ye should be wearied and faint in your minds.
4 Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against c sin.
(c) Which by reason of our concupiscence assails us on all sides.
5 And ye have forgotten the consolation, which speaks unto you as unto children, My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord, neither faint when thou art rebuked of him.
6 For whom the Lord loves, he chastens: and he scourges every son that he receives:
7 If ye endure chastening, God offers himself unto you as unto sons: for what son is it whom the father chastens not?
8 If therefore ye be without correction, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not d sons.
(d) He concludes that they which refuse the cross, deny to be of the number of God’s children, but are Bastards.
9 Moreover we have had the fathers of our e bodies which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: should we not much rather be in subjection unto the father of f spirits, that we might live?
(e) Which have naturally begotten us.
(f) As he does create our spirits without any worldly mean, so he does instruct and maintain them by the wonderful virtue of his Spirit.
10 For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure: but he chastens us for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.
11 Now no chastising for the present seems to be joyous, but, grievous: but afterward, it brings the quiet fruit of righteousness, unto them which are thereby exercised.
12 Wherefore lift up your hands which hang down, and your weak knees,
13 And make straight steps unto your feet, lest g that which is halting, be turned out of the way, but let it rather be healed.
(g) Their halting partly declared their slowness, & partly their inconstancy in doctrine: therefore they were in danger to be punished.
14 Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without the which no man shall see the Lord.
15 Take heed, that no man fall away from the grace of God: let no h root of bitterness spring up and trouble you, lest thereby many be defiled.
(h) As heresies or apostasy.
16 Let there be no fornicator, or profane person as Esau, which for one portion of meat sold his birthright.
17 For ye know how that afterward also when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no place to i repentance, though he sought that blessing with tears.
(i) He was ful of despite and disdain, but was not touched with true repentance to be displeased for his sins & to seek amendment.
18 For ye are not come unto the mount that k might be touched, nor unto burning fire, nor to blackness and darkness, and tempest,
(k) Which might be touched and seen, for as much as it was material, but God had commanded that non should touch it.
19 Neither unto the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words, which they that heard it, excused themselves, that the word should not be spoken to them any more,
20 (For they were not able to abide that which was command, yea, though a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:
21 And so terrible was the sight which appeared, that Moses said, I fear and quake.)
22 But ye are come unto the mount l Sion, and to the city of the living God, the m celestial Jerusalem, and to the company of innumerable n Angels,
(l) Whence the word of God must come.
(m) Which shall be extended through all the word.
(n) By the Gospel we are joined with the Angels and Patriarchs.
23 And to the assembly and congregation of the first borne, which are written in heaven, and to God the judge of all, and to the spirits of just and perfect men,
24 And to Jesus the Mediator of the new Testament, and to the blood of sprinkling that speaks better things then that of Abel.
25 See that ye despise not him that speaks: for if they escaped not which refused him, that spoke on o earth: much more shall we not escape, if we turn away from him, that speaks from heaven.
(o) Which spake but rudely in comparison of Christ, who preached not the Law but the Gospel.
26 Whose voice then shook the earth and now hath declared, saying, Yet once more will I shake, not the earth only, but also heaven.
27 And this word, Yet once more, signifies the removing of those things which are shaken, as of things which are made with hands, that the things which are not shaken, may remain.
28 Wherefore seeing we receive a kingdom, which cannot be shaken, let us have grace whereby we may so serve God, that we may please him with reverence and fear.
29 For even our God is a p consuming fire.
(p) To destroy them, that resist him.
Chapter 13
1 Let brotherly love continue.
2 Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have received Angels into their houses unawares.
3 Remember them that are in bonds, as though ye were bound with them: and them that are in affliction, as if ye were also afflicted in the body.
4 a Marriage is honorable among all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.
(a) As incontinency [seeking after multiple partners, as licentious and uncontrolled lusts will encourage] is a disease common to men of all sorts and degrees, so marriage the remedy is offered by the free mercy of God to all manner of men without respect.
5 Let your conversation be without covetousness, and be content with those things that ye have, for b he hath said, I will not fail thee, neither forsake thee:
(b) The Lord.
6 So that we may boldly say, The Lord is mine helper, neither will I fear what man can do unto me.
7 Remember them which have the oversight of you, which have declared unto you the word of God: whose faith follow, considering what hath been the end of their conversation.
8 Jesus Christ c yesterday, and today, the same also is forever.
(c) He was, is, & shall be the foundation of the Church, forever.
9 Be not carried about with diverse and strange d doctrines: for it is a good thing that the heart be established with grace, and not with e meats, which have not profited them that have been occupied therein.
(d) Whatsoever doctrine is not according to the simple truth of God’s word, is strange.
(e) By reproving them which superstitiously put difference betwixt meats he condemns all the service which stood in ceremonies, comparing it with the spiritual worshiping, & regeneration.
10 We have an altar, whereof they have no authority to f eat, which serve in the tabernacle.
(f) They that stick to the ceremonies of the Law, can not eat, that is, can not be partakers of our altar, which is thanksgiving and liberality which two sacrifices or offerings are now only left to the Christians.
11 For the bodies of those beasts whose blood is brought into the Holy place by the high Priest for sin, are g burnt without the camp.
(g) So that the Priests had no piece thereof.
12 Therefore even Jesus, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered without the gate.
13 Let us go forth to him therefore out of the camp, bearing his reproach.
14 For here have we no continuing city: but we seek one to come.
15 Let us therefore by him offer the sacrifice of praise always to God, that is, the fruit of the lips, which confess his Name.
16 h To do good, and to distribute forget not: for with such sacrifices God is pleased.
(h) Thanksgiving & doing good are out only sacrifices which please God.
17 Obey them that have the oversight of you, and submit your selves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give accounts, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.
18 Pray for us: for we are assured that we have a good conscience in all things, desiring to live honestly.
19 And I desire you somewhat the more earnestly, that ye so do, that I may be restored to you more quickly.
20 The God of peace that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, the great i shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting Covenant,
(i) Read {Act. 20:28 and John 10:11}
21 Make you perfect in all good works, to do his will, working in you that which is pleasant in his sight through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise for ever and ever, Amen.
22 I beseech D you also, brethren, suffer the words of exhortation: for I have written unto you in few words.
D Beseech: To ask urgently
23 Know that our brother Timotheus is delivered, with whom (if he come shortly) I will see you.
24 Salute all them that have the oversight of you, and all the Saints. They of Italy salute you.
25 Grace be with you all, Amen.
[Written to the Hebrews from Italy, and sent by Timotheus.]
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